What is the Roman Numeral Converter?

The Roman Numeral Converter is a free online tool that helps you calculate results instantly. Enter your values above and click Calculate to see results.

Is the Roman Numeral Converter free?

Yes, the Roman Numeral Converter is completely free to use with no registration required. You can use it as many times as you need on any device.

How accurate is this calculator?

Our Roman Numeral Converter uses standard formulas for accurate results. For critical decisions, always verify with a qualified professional.

Roman Numeral Converter

Convert any number to Roman numerals or translate Roman numerals back to standard numbers. Supports values 1 through 3,999. Includes a reference chart for all standard symbols.

Roman Numeral Translator

Enter Number (1–3999)

Roman Numeral Reference Chart

Symbol	Value	Symbol	Value
I	1	L	50
IV	4	XC	90
V	5	C	100
IX	9	CD	400
X	10	D	500
XL	40	CM	900
—	—	M	1000

Frequently Asked Questions

Why don't Roman numerals go beyond 3,999?+

Standard Roman numerals use M as the highest single symbol (1000), and the maximum repetition is three (MMM = 3000). Adding CM (900) and XCIX (99) gives 3999. Larger numbers were historically written with a bar over symbols to multiply by 1000, but this is not standard today.

What year is MMXXVI in Roman numerals?+

MMXXVI = 2026. MM = 2000, XX = 20, VI = 6. Roman numerals are still used today for copyright years, Super Bowl numbers, clock faces, movie sequels, and more.

The symbols

Symbol	Value	Symbol	Value
I	1	C	100
V	5	D	500
X	10	M	1,000
L	50

Subtractive notation

A smaller symbol before a larger one is subtracted rather than added. IV is 4, not 6. IX is 9. XL is 40, CM is 900.

Only six subtractive pairs are valid: IV, IX, XL, XC, CD and CM. You cannot write IC for 99 — it is XCIX, built as XC (90) plus IX (9).

The rules

Symbols run largest to smallest, left to right
I, X, C and M may repeat up to three times; V, L and D never repeat
Only powers of ten (I, X, C) are used subtractively
A subtractive symbol may only precede the next two values up — I before V or X, never before L

Worked example

1994 breaks into 1000 + 900 + 90 + 4 = M + CM + XC + IV = MCMXCIV.

Limits of the system

There is no symbol for zero and no way to write negative numbers or fractions in standard notation. The conventional maximum is 3,999 (MMMCMXCIX), since representing 4,000 would need four M's.

The absence of zero and of positional value is precisely why Roman numerals were abandoned for calculation. Arithmetic in them is laborious, which is why Hindu-Arabic numerals displaced them across Europe for anything beyond ceremonial use.

They survive on clock faces, in book chapter and preface numbering, for monarchs and popes, in film copyright dates and for Super Bowl editions.