Metric prefixes
The metric system scales by powers of ten, so conversions are decimal point moves rather than arbitrary multipliers.
| Prefix | Factor | Prefix | Factor |
| kilo- | 1,000 | centi- | 0.01 |
| hecto- | 100 | milli- | 0.001 |
| deca- | 10 | micro- | 0.000001 |
Key exact conversions
Several imperial-metric relationships are defined exactly rather than approximated:
- 1 inch = 2.54 cm exactly
- 1 pound = 0.45359237 kg exactly
- 1 mile = 1.609344 km exactly
- 1 US gallon = 3.785411784 litres exactly
Temperature is different
Most conversions are a single multiplication, but temperature scales have different zero points, so an offset is needed:
°F = (°C × 9/5) + 32
°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9
K = °C + 273.15
This is why you cannot convert a temperature difference the same way as a temperature. A rise of 10 °C is a rise of 18 °F, not 50 °F — the offset applies to points on the scale, not to intervals.
Watch the gallons
A US gallon is about 3.785 litres; an imperial gallon is about 4.546. The imperial gallon is roughly 20% larger, which quietly distorts fuel economy comparisons and recipe conversions between US and UK sources. US and imperial pints, quarts and fluid ounces differ too.
When precision matters, state which system a figure came from rather than assuming.