Reading a quoted rate
A rate is always between a pair. EUR/USD at 1.08 means one euro buys 1.08 dollars. The first currency is the one being priced; the second is what it is priced in.
Inverting is simple division: if EUR/USD is 1.08, then USD/EUR is 1 ÷ 1.08 = 0.926.
The mid-market rate is a reference, not a price
Published rates sit midway between what the market will buy and sell at. No retail customer transacts at that number.
What you pay is made up of:
- Spread — a worse rate than mid-market, kept by the provider. Usually the largest cost, and easy to miss because it is invisible when a service advertises "no fees".
- Explicit fees — flat or percentage charges, which matter more on small amounts.
- Card foreign transaction fees — commonly 1–3% on top.
- ATM operator fees abroad, charged separately from your own bank's.
Always decline dynamic currency conversion
When a foreign card terminal offers to bill you in your home currency, say no. That service applies its own rate, generally a poor one. Choosing the local currency lets your card network convert at a far better rate.
Comparing providers properly
Compare the final amount the recipient receives, not the advertised rate. A provider quoting an attractive rate with a wide spread can deliver less than one quoting a plain rate with a transparent fee.
What moves rates
Interest rate differentials between central banks, inflation, trade balances, political stability and market risk appetite. Rates float continuously during the trading week, so a quote from last month is not a reliable guide today.
For large or time-sensitive transfers, check a live rate at the moment you transact.