Heart Rate Zone Formulas
Max HR (classic) = 220 − age
Max HR (Tanaka) = 208 − (0.7 × age) [more accurate for older adults]
Karvonen method (uses Heart Rate Reserve):
HRR = Max HR − Resting HR
Target HR = (HRR × intensity%) + Resting HR
Training Zones Overview
| Zone | % Max HR | Training Effect |
|---|---|---|
| Zone 1 — Recovery | 50–60% | Active recovery, warm-up |
| Zone 2 — Fat Burn | 60–70% | Fat oxidation, aerobic base |
| Zone 3 — Aerobic | 70–80% | Improved cardio endurance |
| Zone 4 — Anaerobic | 80–90% | Lactate threshold, speed |
| Zone 5 — Peak | 90–100% | Maximum effort, sprints |